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1.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 37(1): 75-9, jan.-fev. 1995. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-154337

ABSTRACT

Aproxidamente 400 pacientes de hemodialise tratados em 5 diferentes unidades no Rio de Janeiro foram acompanhados durante 1 ano para presenca de marcadores virais de hepatite B e C. Durante o mesmo periodo, amostras foram tambem de 35 pacientes ambulatoriais de dialise peritonial continua (CAPD) e de 242 funcionarios das unidades. Dependendo da unidade em estudo foram detectadas prevalencias de anti-HCV variando de 47 por cento a 82 por cento (media 65 por cento ). Pacientes de prevalencia de anti-HCV em funcionarios foi de 2,9 por cento . Observamos uma taxa de ataque de hepatite C de 11,5 por cento por ano na populacao paciente de hemodialise anti-HCV negativo. Uma media de 9,4 por cento de pacientes de hemodialise eram portadores cronicos do virus da hepatite B (VHB) (taxa de 1.8 por cento a 20.4 por cento ), enquanto 48.9 por cento apresentaram marcadores de infeccao passada de HBV. A taxa de ataque de HBV foi de 4.5 por cento por ano (taxa de 0 por cento a 6 por cento ). Esses resultados indicam uma alarmante prevalencia alta anti-HCV em pacientes de hemodialise dessa regiao estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/transmission , Brazil , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Risk Factors
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 36(6): 501-6, nov.-dez 1994. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-154302

ABSTRACT

Ainda sao raros os casos de infeccao por hepatite C (HCV)na regiao central do Brasil. Neste estudo, 2.350 doadores voluntarios de sangue foram avaliados, resultando em prevalencias para o anti-HCV de 2,2 (por cento), pelo ELISA de segunda geracao, e de 1,4 por cento, apos o ensaio confirmatorio "line immunoassay". Anticorpos contra os antigenos "core", NS4 e NS5 do HCV foi observada em 76,6 (por cento) dos doadores anti-HCV positivos. A positividade da reacao em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) mostrou-se relacionada a reatividade aos diferentes antigenos do HCV no "line immunoassay". A maioria dos doadores positivos tiveram historia previa de exposicao parenteral. A combinacao de ALT>50 UI/1 e positividade ao anti-HBc parece nao ser eficaz como marcadores indiretos para a infeccao pelo HCV, entretanto a dosagem do ALT e a deteccao de anti-HCV sao indicadas na triagem de doadores de sangue brasileiros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Blood Donors , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 25(11): 1131-5, 1992. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-134610

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non A-non B hepatitis and is classified within the Flaviviridae family. Due to a high prevalence of anti-HCV and other flaviviruses circulating in Brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. Different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infected with yellow fever and from 94 adults vaccinated against the 17D strain of yellow fever were tested against HCV antigens used in diagnostic assays. Two enzyme immunoassay systems were tested: one, an in-house test using recombinant antigens from core, NS3 and NS5 regions of the HCV genome (Research Foundation for Microbial Disease of Osaka University, Japan); and another, using synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of structural core and non-structural NS4 and NS5 HCV regions (INNOTEST HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium). A line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium) was used as a confirmatory test. In this, HCV antigens are coated as discrete lines on a nylon strip with plastic backing. Besides 4 control lines on each strip, a total of 6 HCV lines are present: line A consists of several NS4 epitopes, line B consists of several NS5 epitopes and lines C-F contain several core epitopes. This test not only confirms but differentiates antibodies to hepatitis C virus. No positive results were detected with these tests, indicating that hepatitis C infection can be evaluated by current assays in regions where flaviviruses are endemic


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Yellow fever virus/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Cross Reactions , Diagnosis, Differential , Dengue/diagnosis , False Positive Reactions , Hepatitis Antibodies/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Yellow Fever/diagnosis
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